1. notice
  2. English
  3. logic-topic
  4. 1. logic
  5. 2. set-theory
  6. 3. map
  7. 4. order
  8. 5. combinatorics
  9. calculus
  10. 6. real-numbers
  11. 7. limit-sequence
  12. 8. โ„^n
  13. 9. Euclidean-space
  14. 10. Minkowski-space
  15. 11. polynomial
  16. 12. analytic-Euclidean
  17. 13. analytic-Minkowski
  18. 14. analytic-struct-operation
  19. 15. ordinary-differential-equation
  20. 16. volume
  21. 17. integral
  22. 18. divergence
  23. 19. limit-net
  24. 20. topology
  25. 21. compact
  26. 22. connected
  27. 23. topology-struct-operation
  28. 24. exponential
  29. 25. angle
  30. geometry
  31. 26. manifold
  32. 27. metric
  33. 28. metric-connection
  34. 29. geodesic-derivative
  35. 30. curvature-of-metric
  36. 31. Einstein-metric
  37. 32. constant-sectional-curvature
  38. 33. simple-symmetric-space
  39. 34. principal-bundle
  40. 35. group-action
  41. 36. stereographic-projection
  42. 37. Hopf-bundle
  43. field-theory
  44. 38. point-particle-non-relativity
  45. 39. point-particle-relativity
  46. 40. scalar-field
  47. 41. scalar-field-current
  48. 42. scalar-field-non-relativity
  49. 43. projective-lightcone
  50. 44. spacetime-momentum-spinor-representation
  51. 45. Lorentz-group
  52. 46. spinor-field
  53. 47. spinor-field-current
  54. 48. electromagnetic-field
  55. 49. Laplacian-of-tensor-field
  56. 50. Einstein-metric
  57. 51. interaction
  58. 52. harmonic-oscillator-quantization
  59. 53. spinor-field-misc
  60. 54. reference
  61. ไธญๆ–‡
  62. 55. notice
  63. ้€ป่พ‘
  64. 56. ้€ป่พ‘
  65. 57. ้›†ๅˆ่ฎบ
  66. 58. ๆ˜ ๅฐ„
  67. 59. ๅบ
  68. 60. ็ป„ๅˆ
  69. ๅพฎ็งฏๅˆ†
  70. 61. ๅฎžๆ•ฐ
  71. 62. ๆ•ฐๅˆ—ๆž้™
  72. 63. โ„^n
  73. 64. Euclidean ็ฉบ้—ด
  74. 65. Minkowski ็ฉบ้—ด
  75. 66. ๅคš้กนๅผ
  76. 67. ่งฃๆž (Euclidean)
  77. 68. ่งฃๆž (Minkowski)
  78. 69. ่งฃๆž struct ็š„ๆ“ไฝœ
  79. 70. ๅธธๅพฎๅˆ†ๆ–น็จ‹
  80. 71. ไฝ“็งฏ
  81. 72. ็งฏๅˆ†
  82. 73. ๆ•ฃๅบฆ
  83. 74. ็ฝ‘ๆž้™
  84. 75. ๆ‹“ๆ‰‘
  85. 76. ็ดง่‡ด
  86. 77. ่ฟž้€š
  87. 78. ๆ‹“ๆ‰‘ struct ็š„ๆ“ไฝœ
  88. 79. ๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐๅ‡ฝๆ•ฐ
  89. 80. ่ง’ๅบฆ
  90. ๅ‡ ไฝ•
  91. 81. ๆตๅฝข
  92. 82. ๅบฆ่ง„
  93. 83. ๅบฆ่ง„็š„่”็ปœ
  94. 84. Levi-Civita ๅฏผๆ•ฐ
  95. 85. ๅบฆ่ง„็š„ๆ›ฒ็އ
  96. 86. Einstein ๅบฆ่ง„
  97. 87. ๅธธๆˆช้ขๆ›ฒ็އ
  98. 88. simple-symmetric-space
  99. 89. ไธปไธ›
  100. 90. ็พคไฝœ็”จ
  101. 91. ็ƒๆžๆŠ•ๅฝฑ
  102. 92. Hopf ไธ›
  103. ๅœบ่ฎบ
  104. 93. ้ž็›ธๅฏน่ฎบ็‚น็ฒ’ๅญ
  105. 94. ็›ธๅฏน่ฎบ็‚น็ฒ’ๅญ
  106. 95. ็บฏ้‡ๅœบ
  107. 96. ็บฏ้‡ๅœบ็š„ๅฎˆๆ’ๆต
  108. 97. ้ž็›ธๅฏน่ฎบ็บฏ้‡ๅœบ
  109. 98. ๅ…‰้”ฅๅฐ„ๅฝฑ
  110. 99. ๆ—ถ็ฉบๅŠจ้‡็š„่‡ชๆ—‹่กจ็คบ
  111. 100. Lorentz ็พค
  112. 101. ๆ—‹้‡ๅœบ
  113. 102. ๆ—‹้‡ๅœบ็š„ๅฎˆๆ’ๆต
  114. 103. ็”ต็ฃๅœบ
  115. 104. ๅผ ้‡ๅœบ็š„ Laplacian
  116. 105. Einstein ๅบฆ่ง„
  117. 106. ็›ธไบ’ไฝœ็”จ
  118. 107. ่ฐๆŒฏๅญ้‡ๅญๅŒ–
  119. 108. ๆ—‹้‡ๅœบๆ‚้กน
  120. 109. ๅ‚่€ƒ

note-math

[real-exponential]

If the exponent is a natural number, then . When , is continuous and monotonically increasing, so the inverse function is also continuous and monotonically increasing, denoted as . can be generalized to rational powers. Due to continuity, can be extended to the power function

Another way is to solve this function if exponential function satisfies the property and

Assume is analytic. Power series expansion of (requires commutativity of ?) (First, assume that there exists a function that satisfies this property, and derive the form , then prove that satisfies this property.)

Expand both sides

Let the coefficients be the same
==>

==>

[natural-exponential] def with natural-constant

Todo Prove that satisfies . (Techniques used in the proof: absolute convergence, rearrangement invariance, supremum, forced convergence (where one side is supremum), summation in "triangular form" (relative to rectangle) )

from the series, we can see that, differential ==> exists inverse-analytic

[natural-logarithm] def .

for , def

for , def

[power-function] Defining the exponential function means that for each , each real exponent is defined, and thus the power function is also defined, or rewritten as

It can also be expressed as

[Euler-formula]